The governance of factories is extremely complex. Factories use thousands of robots, clamps, cylinders, conveyor belts, etc., equipment with its components, electric motors, gears, chains, with each of the elements applied to different processes. With the emergence of Industry 4.0 and its technologies: Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), Big Data, Digital and Hybrid Twins, etc., a significant improvement in factory governance is expected in which data will become a lens through which Industry 4.0 can be constructed. The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is one of the most relevant enabling technologies of the Industry 4.0 (I4.0), and consists of the application of the IoT in the industry. Namely, the IIoT is applied to connect machines and devices in industrial environments, focusing on machine-to-machine communication; any failure can lead to high-risk losses and the amount of data collected in IIoT is much larger than in IoT.

When the industry or the responsible managers have to decide whether to install IIoT applications in their company on a massive level, they are often discouraged by several factors and these are as follows:

  • Energy efficiency: since most IIoT devices are powered by batteries.
  • Interoperability: since connecting so many devices is usually a serious challenge for the IIoT.
  • Safety: since information and privacy are vital at the corporate level.
  • Scalability: since the massification of IIoT solutions implies the use of a huge number of devices connected to each other in hierarchical subdomains.
  • Maintenance and updates: since system operators will not only have to manage the original system but also all the new ones, and therefore, many engineers will have to be trained for this.
  • IT/OT integration: IIoT systems require the convergence of OT and IT for the integration of data from both parties.
  • Cultural change: Most of the industries resist change because they are afraid and do not understand the technology associated with IIoT [6].

Recently, a new concept has emerged for the development of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) applications, the Industrializable Industrial Internet of Things (I3oT). As a criterion for the design of industrial applications, the I3oT imposes the exclusive use of pre-installed elements in the company such as PLCs, sensors, IT/OT networks, etc., trying to minimize the impact on the factories and guaranteeing a cheap and assumable scalability for companies, something that cannot be implemented with the vast majority of IIoT applications available in the market.